Verbs


Verbs have three moods: indicative, imperative and conditional; they have the categories of time, and are conjugated by person and number. There are two types of conjugation: Type I with the stem ending in -ы- (сыл-ы-ны stand ), and Type II with the stem ending in -а- (-ÿ-) (малп-а-ны think ). Verbs also have special forms when preceded by a negative particle; and both the verb and the negative particle are conjugated by time, person and number.

The following charts show present, future, first and second past tenses. The second past tense indicates an action that the speaker did not witness, often used in storytelling. Eight compound past tenses also exist. The helping verb вал indicates an action the speaker witnessed, and the helping verb вылэм indicates an action the speaker did not witness. If the main verb is in the present form it indicates a continuing past action, if the main verb is in the future form it indicates continuing distant past action, if the main verb is in the first past form it indicates a distant past action, and if the main verb is in the second past form it indicates a continuing distant past action.

Conjugation of the verbs сылыны stand and малпаны think :

Udmurt verbs can also have the category of pretense. This is indicated by the affix -мъÿськ- for pretending to do something, and -мтэÿськ- or -тэмъÿськ- for pretending not to.